Short-Term Memory


## Notes

- Chunking is a memorization method in which you group pieces of information in groups.

- This technique helps you memorize better because our [short-term memory](/zettelkasten/short-term-memory) cannot retain a lot of information at the same time.

  - When we group, we can retain the groups instead of each piece of information.

- Also, chunking improves our creativity because we need to create a meaningful connection among groups.

## References

- [How Chunking Pieces of Information Can Improve Memory](https://www.verywellmind.com/chunking-how-can-this-technique-improve-your-memory-2794969)

## Backlinks
- [Short-Term Memory](/zettelkasten/short-term-memory)

Chunking and Memory


## Notes

- It's a model of memory proposed in 1968 by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin.

- It asserts that human memory has three separate components.

  1.  A sensory register, where sensory information enters memory.
  1.  A [short-term memory](/zettelkasten/short-term-memory), which receives and holds information from the sensory register and the [long-term memory](/zettelkasten/long-term-memory).
  1.  A [long-term memory](/zettelkasten/long-term-memory), where information which has been rehearsed in the [short-term memory](/zettelkasten/short-term-memory) is held indefinitely.

## References

- [Wikipedia. Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atkinson%E2%80%93Shiffrin_memory_model)


Long-Term Memory

Atkinson-Shiffrin Memory Model

Reading Metacognitively

Spacing Effect (Learning)


## Notes

- It provides the lasting retention of information and skills.

- It appears to have almost limitless capacity to retain information.

## References

- [wikia.org. Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model](https://psychology.wikia.org/wiki/Atkinson-Shiffrin_memory_model)

## Backlinks
- [Atkinson-Shiffrin Memory Model](/zettelkasten/atkinson-shiffrin-memory-model)
- [Reading Metacognitively](/zettelkasten/reading-metacognitively)
- [Short-Term Memory](/zettelkasten/short-term-memory)
- [Spacing Effect (Learning)](/zettelkasten/spacing-effect-learning)


## Notes

- We don't know how our brains work, so we use metaphors to understand it.

- At different times, we used to compare our brain with the most advanced thinking we had at that moment:
  - The earliest one was that God created us with clay and dirty, and His spirit infused intelligence.
  - In the 3rd century BCE, with the invention of hydraulic engineering, we believed that our body and mind worked with a flow of different fluids called 'humours'.
  - In the 1500s, we compared the brain with complex machines because of the systems composed of gears and springs.
  - In the 1600s, the philosopher Thomas Hobbes suggested that the motion of small mechanics in the brain creates thinking.
  - In the 1700s, discoveries about electricity and chemistry created new theories.
  - In the 1800s, inspired by recent advances in communication, the German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz compared the brain to a telegraph.
  - In the 1940s, with the creation of computers, the brain was said to operate as a computer - we save, and process memories as computers do. This analogy is also called Information Processing (IP) metaphor.

## References

- [The empty brain](https://app.getpocket.com/read/1291907579)


Metaphors to Explain the Brain

Fight or Flight


## Notes

- Short-term memory can keep information for somewhere on the order of 10 seconds up to 30 seconds, when the information is not being actively rehearsed.

- It has a limited capacity: we can remember $7 \pm 2$ things before them vanish.

  - We can use the [chunking method](/zettelkasten/chunking-and-memory) to remember more things.

- If you want to remember a information beyond a few seconds, it may get stored in your [long-term memory](/zettelkasten/long-term-memory).

- It mostly encode memory acoustically, but also retain visuospatial images.

## References

- [David Handel, MD. Slow-Reading is the New Deep Learning](https://betterhumans.pub/slow-reading-is-the-new-deep-learning-452f179c0289)

- [wikia.org. Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model](https://psychology.wikia.org/wiki/Atkinson-Shiffrin_memory_model)

## Backlinks
- [Atkinson-Shiffrin Memory Model](/zettelkasten/atkinson-shiffrin-memory-model)
- [Chunking and Memory](/zettelkasten/chunking-and-memory)
- [Fight or Flight](/zettelkasten/fight-or-flight)

#memory